C9-T1-R3

1. 题干：What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate? (C9-T1-R3 T27)

原文：And we mustn’t forget the plants, without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.

同义替换：

     Before --- prior

From sea to land --- invasion of the land

2. 题干：Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto land?

(C9-T1-R3 T28)

原文：Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction.

同义替换：

     Moved onto land --- moving from water to land

Processes --- aspect

3. 题干：Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?

(C9-T1-R3 T29)

原文：Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don’t even come ashore to breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation.

同义替换：

     Possessed --- developed

Ancestors --- earlier marine incarnation

4. 题干：Which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?

(C9-T1-R3 T30)

原文：Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in water.

同义替换：

    Resembled --- look like

5. 题干：Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.

(C9-T1-R3 T31)

原文：Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air.

同义替换：

     Migrate back --- went back

The sea --- the water

6. 题干：it is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilized remains are incomplete.

(C9-T1-R3 T32)

原文：You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it’s obvious.

同义替换：

     Where an animal lived --- whether fossil animals lived on land or in water

Fossilized remains --- fragments

7. 题干：The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilized remains.

(C9-T1-R3 T33)

原文：Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in water.

同义替换：

    Appearance of --- look like

Habitat --- in water

8. 题干：71 species of living turtles and tortoises were examined and a total of_____ were taken from the bones of their forelimbs.

(C9-T1-R3 T34)

原文：…obtained three measurements in these particular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises.

同义替换：

71 species of living turtles and tortoises --- 71 species of living turtles and tortoises

     Examined --- measurements

9. 题干：The data was recorded on a ____ ( necessary for comparing the information).

(C9-T1-R3 T35)

原文：They used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one another.

同义替换：

    A --- a kind of

Recorded --- plot

10. 题干：Outcome: Land tortoises were represented by a dense____ of points towards the top.

(C9-T1-R3 T36)

原文：All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of the triangle…

同义替换：

    Were represented --- formed

A dense of --- a tight of

11. 题干：The same data was collected from some living____ species and added to the other results.

(C9-T1-R3 T37)

原文：There was no overlap, except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land. Sure enough, these amphibious species show up…

同义替换：

     Some living species --- these amphibious species

Added to --- add

12. 题干：Outcome: The points for these species turned out to be positioned about____ up the triangle between the land tortoises and the sea turtles.

(C9-T1-R3 T38)

原文：Sure enough, these amphibious species show up on the triangular graph approximately half way between the “wet cluster” of sea turtles and the “dry cluster” of land tortoises.

同义替换：

     Positioned about --- show up on

Triangle --- triangular graph

13. 题干：Outcome: The position of the points indicated that both these ancient creatures were____.

(C9-T1-R3 T39)

原文：Their points on the graph are right in the thick of the dry cluster. Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises.

同义替换：

    The position of the points --- their points on the graph

     Both these ancient creatures --- both these fossils

14. 题干：According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is that____.

D.they have made the transition from sea to land more than once.

(C9-T1-R3 T40)

原文：Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return.

同义替换：

     Significant --- remarkable

More than once --- double return