C9-T3-R1

1.题干:There are understandable reasons why arguments occur about

language.(C9-T3-R1 T1)

原文:Popular linguistic debate regularly deteriorates into invective

and polemic. Language belongs to everyone, so most people feel they have

a right to hold an opinion about it.

同义替换：

Arguments --- debate

Understandable reasons --- they have a right to hold an opinion about it.

2.题干: People feel more strongly about language education than about

small differences in language usage.(C9-T3-R1 T2)

原文: And when opinions differ, emotions can run high. Arguments can

start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of

linguistic education.

同义替换：

Language education --- linguistic education

Small differences --- minor points

3.题干: Our assessment of a person’s intelligence is affected by the way

he or she uses language.(C9-T3-R1 T3)

原文: Linguistic factors influence how we judge personality,

intelligence, social status, educational standards, job aptitude, and

many other areas of identity and social survival.

同义替换：

Assessment --- judge

Affected --- influence

4.题干:Prescriptive grammar books cost a lot of money to buy in the 18th

Century.(C9-T3-R1 T4)

原文: All the main languages have been studied prescriptively,

especially in the 18th century approach to the writing of grammars and

Dictionaries.

同义替换：

Prescriptive --- prescriptively

5. 题干: Prescriptivism still exists today.(C9-T3-R1 T5)

原文: These attitudes are still with us, and they motivate a

widespread concern that linguistic standards should be maintained.

同义替换：

Still exists --- still with us

6. 题干: According to descriptivists, it is pointless to try to stop

language change.(C9-T3-R1 T6)

原文: His approach is summarized in the statement that it is the task

of the grammarian to describe, not prescribe-to record the facts of

linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of

evaluating language variation or halting language change.

同义替换：

Stop language change --- halting language change

Pointless --- not

7. 题干: Descriptivism only appeared after the 18th century.(C9-T3-R1 T7)

原文: In the second half of the 18th century, we already find advocates

of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English

Grammar (1761) insists that ‘the custom of speaking is the original

and only just standard of any language’.

同义替换：

Descriptivism --- advocates of this view

8. 题干: Both descriptivists and prescriptivists have been misrepresented.(C9-T3-R1T8)

原文: In our own time, the opposition between ‘descriptivists’ and

‘prescriptivists’ has often become extreme, with both sides painting

unreal pictures of the other.

同义替换：

Misrepresented --- unreal pictures

9. 题干:According to __________, there is only one correct form of

language. (C9-T3-R1 T9)

原文: Adherents to this variety are said to speak or write ‘correctly’; deviations from it are said to be ‘incorrect’.

同义替换：

Correct form --- correctly

10. 题干:Linguists who take this approach to language place great

importance on grammatical 10 __________.(C9-T3-R1 T10)

原文: The authoritarian nature of the approach is best characterised by its reliance on ‘rules’ of grammar.

同义替换：

Place importance on --- reliance on

Grammatical --- grammar

11. 题干: Conversely, the view of 11 __________, such as Joseph Priestley,

is that grammar should be based on 12 _popular speech_.

(C9-T3-R1 T11)

原文: In the second half of the 18th century, we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that ‘the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language’.

同义替换：

Popular speech --- the custom of speaking

12. 题干: Conversely, the view of 11 __________, such as Joseph

Priestley, is that grammar should be based on 12 _popular N speech_.(C9-T3-R1 T12)

原文: In the second half of the 18th century, we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that ‘the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language’.

同义替换：

Based on --- insists

Popular speech --- the custom of speaking

13. 题干: What is the writer’s purpose in Reading Passage 1?

(C9-T3-R1 T13)

A  to argue in favour of a particular approach to writing dictionaries and grammar books

B  to present a historical account of differing views of language

C  to describe the differences between spoken and written language

D  to show how a certain view of language has been discredited

原文: 全文

同义替换：

Differing views of language --- Attitudes to language