北美考试院 托福写作组 叶晓轩
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2019.05.11 托福综合写作真题 |
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Integrated Writing Task |
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阅读部分：太空中建设太阳能板的三个优势 1、接收的太阳能更多，地球上云层挡光； 2、现有技术保护太空中的太阳能板不容易损坏，地球上容易被风吹坏； 3、对环境更好，不会占用土地资源、破坏地球生态环境
听力反驳：这三个举措都没有效果 1、并不会接收到更多的能量； 2、太空中也不会被保护，有微小space dust，现有技术无法阻止这么微小的物质撞击太阳能板；高速陨石带来的热量也会造成破坏； 3、太空太阳能板释放能量会破坏臭氧层，而臭氧层对地球环境很重要，所以太空中的太阳能板对地球环境也不好。 |
5月11日场的综合写作，是一篇中规中矩的科技类话题，属于比较典型的综合写作天文话题：太空中太阳能板的相比地球上的太阳能板的优势。且材料中具体的论点也和环境类话题稍有挂钩，整体来讲，是一篇比较友好的综合写作。天文类的话题，虽然是综合写作中频率不算高的主题，但仍可以在TPO题目中找到高度类似的练习材料：TPO50、52，都和本期考题有相似之处。因此，TPO仍然是考生备战综合写作的重要资料。
Keywords: solar panel, environment, space dust, impact,
可以类比下列这些TPO的综合写作。
TPO50 Sending humans to Mars
阅读部分：
总观点：火星移民的三大问题
• 往返火星至少需要2年，太空飞船的载货能力限制了食物水源等必需的材料的配备
• 零重力对人类身体健康的影响很大，medical problems难以避免
• 太空中的太阳辐射非常危险，飞船配备shield太重了
听力反驳：
总观点：三个问题都可以解决
• Food water oxygen, hydroponic占地小，可以自己种菜，水可以循环净化供给饮用，植物光合作用还可以产生氧气；
• 其他的太空项目中已经有失重对策，比如吃维生素等supplement，锻炼保持骨密度等；
• 这些辐射不会一直处于危险水平，只有太阳活跃的时候才会达到危险的水平，可以建一个小的shielded area，这样不会给飞船增加很多重量，宇航员在危险的时候也可以躲进去。
TPO52 Colonization on asteroid
阅读部分：
总观点：移民小行星的优势
• Low gravity；
• Mining valuable metals；
• Easy to reach。
听力反驳：
不太可行，每个都有downside。
• 低重力，导致health problem，例如骨密度下降，肌肉流失；
• 开采成本太高，开发的投入和开采后的运输成本都很高。且不能保证能卖出去，如果可以大量开采稀有矿石运回地球，供应源增加，可能会导致这些矿石不那么稀有，因而价格下降；
• 小行星容易去但不好回，有时候近地这时候容易去，但之后可能就会离地球比较远，上去了之后可能小行星跑得比火星还远，更不好返回地球。
有一些观点或关键词是天文话题中非常常见的：如失重状态、太阳辐射、往返、大气层等。考生需要掌握以下高频词汇：
² 失重/零重力（low gravity/ zero gravity）
² 太阳辐射（solar radiation）
² 往返/往返的飞船（shuttle）
² 大气层（atmospheric layer）
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2019.05.11托福独立写作真题 |
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Independent Writing Task |
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Some people think that older children should be required to take care of younger children. Others think that this should be done by parents or other adults.
Which of the two points of view do you agree with? |
题目解析：
5月11日的独立写作属于教育话题下的家庭教育范畴，此题复现的是20151213CN以及20170929NA的真题。教育类话题是很多考生熟悉和擅长的领域，家庭教育则更是每位同学或多或少都会有所体会的话题。细读题干可以发现本题有一个非常明显的特点，题干所讨论的事件涉及的对象很明确：younger children, older children和parents or other adults。因此，本题非常适合采用我们的不同对象分析法，分别讨论这件事情对这三个对象的好处/坏处。
如此段落安排也就比较灵活了，考虑到段落类型的变化，我们可以采取两种形式：，可以举三个正面支持的例子，分别论述这件事对给上述三方带来的收获/损失，完成一个一边倒的文章；第二，如果能同时想到对某一方既有好处又有坏处，则可以针对这一方安排一个让步段，构成一篇文章。下面范文采用的是种形式，具体文章如下。
Nursing young children has long been a critical issue in parenting. As the society develops in such a high pace, sometimes parents have to get the older children to help them babysit the younger ones in the family. It is argued by some people that this practice can somehow harm the young children’s development since the older children are not mature enough either. In my opinion, however, I believe this method is beneficial not only to the parents, but also to the children, regardless they are the ones being taken care of, or the ones who is helping their parents with the parenting duty.
First of all, it can help reduce the parent’s pressure from working and providing quality nursing. With a hand from the older children, parents would be freed from some annoying care for the younger ones, such as changing diapers and bathing the baby. Thus, they would have more time to allocate to their work and other jobs which is crucial in sustaining the family financially. Besides, it is hard to imagine how much patience would left there for a screaming baby after the parents have struggle through a whole day’s labor in the workplace. Hence, the support from other family members such as their older children would really help them a lot handling both the task of nursing the young and their working.
Beyond that, helping look after the young also offers the older children the opportunity to understand their parents. As a Chinese saying goes, “We would never know our parent’s love for us until we have raised our own child”. This method provides a perfect situation where the older children could experience the painstaking job of raising a child. Only after they have suffered from a baby’s sudden scratch or being waken up in the midnight, could they sincerely understand that resentfulness their parents once tried a lot to suppress. With a better understanding of the parents’ efforts during their growth, the generation gap problem between them could definitely be solved to some extent.
Additionally, care form the older siblings could obviously help build the young children’s original social skills more effectively. Typically, there is little chance for the children to interact with peers before they are old enough to go to the kindergarten. Therefore, if their brothers or sisters usually help with their daily routines such as dressing and playing, they could learn to express their needs in an earlier age. Furthermore, hopefully, they could even understand others’ feelings whenever there is a conflict, before they go outside to socialize with unfamiliar peers. What’s more, it would also be easier for them to tackle with conflicts and avoid further physical confrontation, since their parents could supervise and interfere whenever there is such risk. However, if the younger kids are not exposed to this kind of daily contact with their own siblings, they would have to learn this from strangers in a much more dangerous way.
Admittedly, sometimes the older children could be not careful enough to guarantee the younger children’s safety, whereas under the parent’s modest amount of supervision, it would not be a problem at all. Therefore, with the benefits to all of the family members, I firmly believe it is a wise choice to have the older children to care for the younger children in the family.
