北美考试院 托福写作组 王雨婷

本期考题考察的话题属于托福综合写作考试中考察占比较少一些的决策类话题，主要考察的是政府的决策方面的子话题，分析的政府在艺术方面的投资问题。值得注意的是托福的独立写作曾经也考察过相关话题。如：(20160124CN) In time of economic crisis, in which area should government reduce its spending? 1. Art; 2. Scientific research; 3. Parks and public gardens. 相信这套综合材料也能给考生关于这类话题可借鉴的解题思路。

在TPO中有大量材料也涉及到了相关话题，分别涉及到了公司决策（TPO1；TPO2；）；体系或组织运营决策（TPO6；TPO13；TPO46）；政府决策（TPO20；TPO41）。考生可适度选择上述提到的TPO材料，熟悉相关话题，分析材料结构和写作结构。

Keywords: valuable; strategy; regulations; rules; policy; negative or positive consequences; concern; adopt

可以类比下列这些TPO的综合写作。

TPO6 Communal Online Encyclopedia

阅读部分：

总观点：

Communal online encyclopedia本身存在大量的问题，使其并没有传统百科全书有价值。

Contributor lack academic credential, making the information less accurate。

easy to be fabricated, deleted and changed。

focus on trivial and popular topic。

听力反驳：

总观点：承认存在阅读提及的问题，但是指明communal online encyclopedia仍旧较传统百科全书在阅读提及的方面更具价值。

无论是online encyclopedia or traditional ones都信息有错误的问题，但是online encyclopedia更好改正其中的错误信息；

虽然信息可能会篡改，但是已有一些措施来解决这一问题：1. read-only format来保证核心信息的准确性。2.hire editor to monitor and correct information；

online encyclopedia的无限容量使其具有信息和话题多样化的特性，从而保证了它能提供用户真正需要的信息。

TPO41 Regulation for handling and storing coal ash

阅读部分：

总观点：能源公司认为不需要针对coal ash实施新的更严格的管理措施。

已经存在有效的环保措施；

顾客因为更严格的管理措施而担心coal ash的危害，会减少coal ash循环制成的产品使用；

 新措施会提高弃置和处理费用，导致电的价格上涨。

听力反驳：

 总论点：新的措施是十分必要的。

现有的措施并不充足，比如目前的规定下liner只需要在公司开发新的土地或池塘时才有用，但是久的池塘或者土地的使用反而会造成更大污染破坏；

以mercury为例，一直严格的管理措施在管控其handling和storing，但是mercury仍旧在过去的50年间很好的recycling,所以严格的管理措施并不会减少recycling coal ash的使用。

该价格的上涨是值得的，分析预测采纳这一新规对于能源公司的费用上调大约15billion, 但是平均到每个家庭电力价格上涨的幅度会不到1%。

题目解析：

7月7日的独立写作更像是一道独立口语题，鼓励考生对于儿童教育方面抒发自己的观点。题目中提到的being honest, being helpful以及being well organized都是对于一个人发展非常关键的品质，同时对于儿童来说也是需要慢慢接触的一些重要品质。所以考生可以根据自己的生活经验和个人对于这三个品质的理解来完成写作。

在分析题目时需要注意的是题目其中一个关键词提到young child(5-10years old), 在这一条件的限制下，考生反而可以发挥出更扣题的相关理由。段落安排可以采取两种形式：，分别分析选择的选项的优势并列举不选择的选项可能存在的问题；第二，尝试比较不同选项之间的优劣势，强调the most important。

请参考如下范文：

Childhood, the most significant period in one’s life, plays an decisive role in the future success of a person. Especially, the qualities a person has cultivated in his or her childhood could exert crucial influence on the whole life. While some argue that being helpful and being well organized are important for children to faster in childhood, personally, I hold the view that being honest is the most essential to a young child.

Firstly, being helpful are not an appropriate quality for children to have due to their limited ability, knowledge and experience. In most of the cases, they are not able to offer actually assistance or, even worse, they could hurt themselves. To be more specific, as is in the simple task like throwing garbage, they could fall down from the stairs, or they could throw the garbage in the wrong garbage bins. Children at age between 5 and 10 lack of certain ability to protect themselves in some situations. Besides, even though, in some cases, they could safely finish the missions, their working efficiency and outcome are not comparable to those of the adults. As a consequence, children themselves could feel disappointed with their abilities since they cannot perform the tasks well, which could discourage their willingness to offer assistance in the future.

Secondly, being well organized could restrain cultivation of children’s creativity. Children are like a blank paper that can be filled with their colorful imagination. The so called “well organized” is a fixed pattern recognized by adults, but children do not need to have a certain method to deal with things which, on the other hand, can severely restrict children’s innovation. In other words, turning children into being well organized could be seen as a way to kill their creativity. For instance, adults might think the most efficient means to organize the desk is to put the same sort of thing together, like reference materials, pens, e-products. However, a child might arrange his or her things by the color, by his or her preference or even by how long they have possessed the thing. The creativity of the child could be expressed and fostered during the process. Thus, forcing children to be well organized could limit their unlimited possibilities.

Finally, being honest is always essential for children. Despite some extreme situations like being deceived intentionally, honesty is absolutely a indispensable quality. If a child cannot cultivate this good quality in early period, the nature of being dishonest is almost unchangeable after they grow up. The significance of being honest, however, is quite obvious: honesty helps people find sincere friends in life; honesty helps people leave good impression on others thus leading to more working opportunities. In a word, honesty makes one’s life easier. Plus, the nature of being honest is not only important for individuals, but also significant for society stability. With more people being honest, improper behaviors could be eliminated. Thus, being honest is good for both children development and society order.

Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that for children between 5 to 10, being honest is most important because it has positive influences to the individual growth and society, and other alternatives may not be as necessary as being honest.

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