作者：武汉新航道北美考试院 托福写作组 李砚丹
题目解析：
这场考试中，综合写作涉及的是出现频次相对较少的地质类话题，而且相对平时见得比较多的听力直接反驳阅读的类型，这篇在文章观点上略有不同。在听力反驳阅读的时候，往往是阅读提出A观点，听力会反驳A观点。在这篇综合写作中，对两篇文章的观点总结略有不同：阅读提出A比较好，而听力则认为B比较好。
TPO中可参考的地质类相关练习有TPO27、40、50。
可以类比下列TPO的综合写作
TPO 27 The cause of little ice age
阅读：提出三种可能导致小冰河期的原因
• 温暖的洋流融化冰川
• 大型火山爆发遮天蔽日降低温度
• 人类减少，森林增多，减少温室气体
听力：上面三种解释都有问题
• 洋流只影响北半球，但是南半球也有小冰河期
• 大型火山爆发会带来奇异景象，但是并没有相关记载
• 人类数量很快回升并砍伐树木，没有足够时间带来影响
题目解析：
这道二选一题目要求考生在如下两种课堂中做出选择：听老师讲课并做笔记，还是通过小组讨论或小组作业的方式更多的参与到课堂中去。此类学校教育话题，通常较为贴近考生日常生活，相对会比较好考虑分论点，因为考生可以从自身经历获得启发。如这道题，考生可以考虑一下自己上课时的情景，听老师讲课以及小组讨论时各位同学的表现以及最终结果，并由此提取分论点。
可以参考如下范文：
Debates over the most efficient teaching methodology can hardly reach consensus. In specific, although some teachers claim that the old-school style of giving lectures and making students take notes should always be promoted as it endures the test of time, others contend that schools should also embrace the trend of group work and have kids discuss and work in group. I agree with the latter, since we are living in a world where group work always comes first.
To begin with, in group discussion, each student has to stay focused, while during lectures students can become absent-minded without being noticed by the teacher. Looking back to our student life, anyone can think of a moment when he sat in the classroom with his mind drifting away. As people listen passively, they can easily be distracted if they show signs of tiredness or boredom. Nevertheless, active group discussion can solve the problem once and for all. In a small group, no student can become invisible; everyone has to speak up and share his own though. Free-riders will also be forced to contribute under peer pressure.
In addition, group work improves efficacy of study, because students go through the process of teaching and learning from one another. During a lecture, listeners can hardly come up with any questions regarding the content of the lecture, because they are already occupied with listening and taking notes. It is always when the lecture is over, and when people review and digest what they have learnt in the classroom, do people suddenly feel struck by a puzzle. But in a group discussion or project, every student is involved and hence motivated. By talking with each other and striving for a common solution, it is natural for students to find out and make up for one another’s drawback. Through such trial and error, students will better master the knowledge and put into use.
All in all, I agree that group discussion and projects improve learning efficiency, because students are more involved in the process.
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