作者:易媛 新航道武汉学校雅思口语讲师
众所周知,雅思口语四个评分标准为词汇,发音,语法以及流畅度和连贯性。很多人比较注重词汇、发音和流畅度并对症下药地进行练习,但是不知道语法方面怎么拿分。总而言之,基础语法不出错,出彩语法用起来就算是我们的标准了。基础语法我们都知道,包括三单,名词单复数,词性以及时态的正确使用等;那么什么叫出彩语法呢?包括但不限于被动语态、强调句、倒装虚拟语气以及各种从句的使用,那么今天就要给大家讲一下if引导的两种形式的虚拟语气在口语话题中的使用,首先让我们来回顾一下虚拟语气的其中两种形式。
虚拟语气 |
从句 |
主句 |
例句 |
表示与现在事实相反的情况 |
If +主语+动词一般过去式(be动词为were) |
主语+should/would/ might/could do |
If it were me, I would consider doing some community service. |
表示与过去事实相反的情况 |
If+主语+had done |
主语+should/would/ might/could have done |
If you had told me, I would have helped you. |
上表中种情况可以用于表达个人观点的话题中比较常见的建议话题类个人喜好/感受/意见类的情况。下面我们来看几个例子:What advice would you give people about safe driving? Do you want to be a superstar? If you could, what would you like to change about your hometown?等等之类的话题。这些只是雅思口语中选取出来的部分相关话题。
现在我们具体分情况来看,个给建议类的话题What advice would you give people about safe driving?很多同学都会想到给建议的句型,比如①It’s a good idea to have enough sleep before driving. ②I suggest/recommend abiding by traffic rules.那么我们可不可以有第三种方式呢?当然也有,这里就可以用到我们说的①If I were a driver, I would have enough sleep before driving.或者是②If it were me, I would never break traffic rules. 体现句型多样性。
第二个表达个人喜好/感受类/意见类的话题,Do you want to be a superstar? 这类话题我们知道是用观点-解释-例子的方式去扩充回答。今天我们要讲的并非答题的思路,所以不做展开。想要在语法上做文章,那么能不能替换或添加句型呢,那又在哪里添加和替换呢?这里我们就可以替换例子下面所用到的逻辑连接词或者加在逻辑连接词之后。比如,在给例子解释时,我们可以说For example, I can help people who are in unfavorable situations with my own public influence. 那现在用了虚拟语气之后的句型,则可以为For example, If I had the chance to be a pop star, I could help those who are in unfavorable situations with my own public influence.
而第二种与过去事实相反的情况我们可以用于描述类的话题中,尤其是描述过去发生的事件,如Describe someone you have seen who is beautiful or handsome.或者是Describe someone you wanted to be similar to when you were growing up回答完设置的相关问题之后,可以用虚拟语气表示自己的情感,比如遗憾,想做而没有做的事情,或者本不该做却做了的事。这里拿个例子来说,I met an old lady who looked glowing in a department store......If I had had the courage to ask her how to be like her, I would have known the secret why she was so pretty.
那么回顾一下,这两种if条件句引导的虚拟语气在什么情况下使用以及如何使用。
种,即为与现在事实相反的情况可以用在给建议类的话题和表达个人喜好/感受类/意见类的话题中。所以
①需要先判断话题是否适用,即是否属于以上提到的积累话题,接下来
②按照语境,套用句型,即If I were you,/If it were me, I would......
那么第二种,即与过去事实相反的情况呢?综上分析,这种情况适用于描述过去事件的话题。所以我们首先还是要
①需要先判断话题是否适用,即是否是要描述过去的事件;
②按照上下文想要表达的心情或想法,比如遗憾,想做而没有做的事情,或者本不该做却做了的事,选取条件句的使用,即If I had done, I would have done.....
类似的可以用到我们今天学习的内容的话题在留学预备课程的阶段中也有很多,我们需要灵活地使用这些句型,才能做到在考试中游刃有余地发挥。那么留学预备中这些语法知识可以使用到哪些话题中呢?大家记得课后多练习哦。
话题 |
出处 |
归属类别 |
shopping |
skillful 1 Unit 4 |
购物 |
food |
skillful 1 Unit 5 |
食物 |
family |
skillful 2 Unit 1 |
家庭 |
home |
skillful 2 Unit 3 |
房子 |
work |
skillful 2 Unit 10 |
工作 |
public speaking |
skillful 3 Unit 7 |
演讲 |
water |
skillful 3 Unit 9 |
水 |
stories |
skillful 3 Unit 8 |
故事 |
dictionaries |
skillful 3 Unit 10 |
词典 |
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