听力在各种语言水平考试中占取着举足轻重的作用,通常在水平测试中占比高达25%-35%。在考试中,听力的难度相比其他题型来说也是比较大的。因此,在英语水平考试中,听力往往是拿分重点,可以说,听力成绩好的学生,英语水平不会太差。如何提高听力水平,不仅是学生常年头疼的问题,也是教师在教学过程中的一个难点。
提高听力成绩,步就是提高听力预测能力。在CET4听力的教学和做题方法中,教师通常会一直强调预测文章的重要性。事实上,虽然听力内容进行预测是所有外语学习者都必须掌握的技能,但是很多学生仍然忽视了预测的重要性。本文主要讨论听力中对不同的场景进行不同的预测,进一步进行预测的方法。不同类型的文章采取的技巧也略微不同。
首先,我们探讨CET4 新闻题型的听力预测方法。
一、根据名词开头,判断文章主旨
(1)判断趋势
【例1】以2019年12月真题卷二section A题为例(以下简称2019-12-2(1)),
1. A) The number of male nurses has gone down.
B) There is discrimination against male nurses.
C) There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.
D) The number of nurses has dropped to a record low.
首先,题1中A、D两项中提到了名词number,C项提到名词shortage(短缺),可知该新闻与数量相关。其次,A、B、D均提及名词短语male nurses(男护士),C项名词短语medical personnel(医护人员),可知该题与医护人员数量特别是男护士有关。最后,从A项短语has gone down(下降),C项a growing shortage(持续短缺),D项has dropped to record low(降到历史新低),可大胆猜测,本文主题是男护士数量的降低。
【Q1】 What problem is Britain facing?
【Answer】The British government has called for more men to consider a career in nursing. Figures show the number of male nurses has fallen in the last three years.
(2)判断态度
【例2】2019-12-1(1)
1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.
B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.
C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.
D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.
题1中B、D两项中以名词a wondering cow开头,A、C项最后也提到,可知该新闻与一头漫游的牛相关。其次,A项destroyed(毁坏),B项knocked down(撞倒),C项were injured by (被。。。伤),D项was captured (被抓住),等词汇判断,牛的活动基本是负面的。因此,可大胆猜测本文主旨是一头漫游的牛造成的某种负面活动或危害。
【Q1】 What happened in New York’s Prospect Park on Tuesday?
【Answer】 New York City police captured a cow on the loose in Prospect Park on Tuesday after the animal became an attraction for tourists while walking along the streets and enjoying the park facilities.
二、根据动词某种形式开头,判断活动,建议某活动,或为某目的做某事
【例3】2019-12-2(6)
6. A) Release it into the wild.
B) Return it to its owner.
C) Send it back to the zoo.
D) Give it a physical checkup.
题6四项均以动词开头,A项release(释放),B项return(退回),C项send...back(送回),D项give...checkup(给。。。体检),可知是对某物进行送回的行为,结合A项wild(野外),B项owner(拥有者),C项zoo(动物园),D项体检,可推断得知it应该是某种动物,某动物跑出来了,现在对它的归属问题给解决方案。
【Q6】 What will the wildlife management company do with the captured raccoon?
【Answer】 A private wildlife management company will release the animal into the wild.
三、以代词开头,判断某人或某物的行动或结果
【例4】2019-12-2(3)
3. A) He fell out of a lifeboat.
B) He was almost drowned.
C) He lost his way on a beach.
D) He enjoyed swimming in the sea.
题3四项均以代词He开头,那么文章一定出现一位男性人物,那么我们在听力过程中要随时警惕新闻出现的主持人与某个男性专有名词的称呼,例如Mr., Professor., Doctor., President.等。其次,A项fell out of a lifeboat(从救生艇上掉下来),B项almost drowned(几乎溺水),C项lost way on beach(海滩迷路),D项enjoying swimming in the sea(享受海上游泳),可知本题一定问的是某位男士在海上或海边的行为。最后,结合上文提及的判断态度,A、B、C三项基本都是负面词汇,只有D是正面词汇,那么我们在听力过程中就能够非常好的快速判断D项的正确与否,得出结论,该题很可能再将某位男士的海上危险行为究竟是什么。
【Q3】What does the news reports say about the Libyan man?
【Answer】 Fortunately for him, the beach life guards were quickly on the scene to stop him from drowning.
【例5】2019-12-2(5)
5. A) It climbed 25 storeys at one go.
B) It broke into an office room.
C) It escaped from a local zoo.
D) It became an online star.
题5四项均以代词It开头,A项climbed(爬),B项broke into(闯入),C项escaped from(逃出),D项become(变成),可知it应该是某种行动范围较大动物。其中A项和D项并无明确的感情态度,B项和C项偏向负面,可知,本题再问某个动物发生了什么事情。因此我们在听听力的过程中偏向听动词和地点。
【Q5】 What does the news report say about the raccoon, a small cat like animal? 【Answer】 A raccoon, a small cat-like animal climbed to the top of a 25-story skyscraper early on Wednesday. It was captured after becoming an online star across the world.