2019年6月16日托福写作考题解析
北美考试院 托福写作组 李砚丹
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2019.06.16托福综合写作真题 |
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Integrated Writing Task |
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阅读部分：引进GM来减少AA的数量 1.如果GM数量减少了，那么其他蚊子的数量会增加 2.GM咬人很危险，可能带来未知影响 3.会对生态系统带来其他潜在危害
听力部分：反驳阅读观点 1.实验表明不会对其他蚊子带来影响，举例Asian tiger mosquito，引进之后并没有增加其他病毒。 2.雄性GM不咬人，咬人的是雌性。引进的都是雄性。 3.目前不能证明会有负面影响，但是会有正面影响。阅读中提及的未知影响是由isolation导致的。可以使用新的方法比如替代有毒的杀虫剂，从而对生态带来好处。 |
题目解析：
这场考试中，综合写作涉及的话题依旧是大家比较熟悉的生物类话题，阅读尝试抑制/增加某生物的数量，听力提出不同观点。TPO中可参考的相关练习也较多，如TPO10、15、17、23、48。
可以类比下列TPO的综合写作。
TPO 48 Stop the decline of frog population
阅读：提出三种方法来解决青蛙数量下降的问题。
Banning the use of pesticides near sensitive frog population
Treat the frogs for fungus
Protect habitats from excessive water use and development
听力：上面三种方法都不太好。
禁止一部分农民使用杀虫剂会使他们的农作物减产从而在市场竞争中处于不利地位。
治疗必须一只一只进行而不能大规模实施，而且治好的青蛙依旧会把真菌传给后代。
真正导致栖息地消失的是全球变暖。
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2019.06.16托福独立写作真题 |
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Independent Writing Task |
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If you go traveling to a city for the first time, and you only have a limited amount of time, which ONE of the three places will you choose? 1. touring the historic sites; 2. go shopping on some markets; 3. go to the restaurants or café. |
题目解析：
这场考试中出现的又是考生朋友和老师们喜闻乐见的三选一题目。这类题目最推荐的写法是三个中间段分别讨论一个选项，首先分析一下为什么做出这样的选择，然后在另外两个段落里尽量通过对比的手法分析为什么不选择另外两个选项。这样写的好处在于，首先相对于根据一个观点想三个分论点，每个观点想一个分论点要更容易操作，其次因为三个选项都被充分讨论，可以程度满足“扣题”的要求。
具体到这道题目，由于2和3这后两个选项的反驳思路有一定的重合，所以采取了把这两个选项放到一起讨论的写法，从而避免出现分论点重复的情况。
可以参考如下范文：
Travelling has become a trendy recreation for people with open heart and curiosity; however, the time and money consumed might not be affordable for all. With a tight schedule, choices have to be made among various activities, such as visiting historic sites, shopping on exotic local markets or dining at the popular restaurants or café. As for me, sightseeing appeals to me the most.
Obviously, feeling the historic sites in their physical presence forms experience that is so sensational that no graphic image can ever compare. It is probable that everyone has seen the picture of Mona Lisa at least once during their lifetime, but only one glimpse at the Louvre, an eye to eye contact with the smiling lady can really bring you the tranquility and the sense of beauty. Particularly, the crowd gazing in front of the painting can also make you understand the lasting glamour of fine art. Further, although most historic architectures are too grand that you can only see the whole outlook with the help of a full frame camera, a mere part of the building in your own eyes can indeed make you feel how small we humans are in history, yet how intelligent and diligent we are that we can make such magnificent achievements.
Local markets and restaurants could be attractive sometimes. Nevertheless, they could be potentially disappointing. Living in a highly commercialized society, we harvest the benefits but suffer the drawbacks simultaneously. Catering to the tourists boom, many street markets that were once exotic and distinctive have been transformed to places packed with stores selling so-called travelling souvenirs that claim to be handmade by indigenous artisans and can be found nowhere else. Yet, searching on the internet offers you millions of results selling the exact goods in bulk and at even lower prices. On the other hand, famous restaurants and cafes are no guarantee of an unforgettable dining experience. Holding their heads up high, waiters might serve you dishes that do not suit your taste, especially when your expectation is raised too high by fancy pictures and brochures full of stories decorating the dishes with inheritance and legacy. It is also worth mentioning that goods and dishes in most favorited travelling destinations are normally pricier than other places.
In a nutshell, I prefer to spend my time sightseeing historic places when travelling to a new destination, for the physical experience through my own eyes is irreplaceable.
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