【英语语法学习】同位语从句讲解

可以说在英语的学习当中，最难掌握的就是语法，很多同学一见到语法问题就摸不清头脑，确实，语法的学习是非常困难的，但是只要功夫深铁杵磨成针，今天小编在这里就给大家讲讲语法中的同位语从句。

阅读过程中会看到这种类型的句子：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明。其实这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起，同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。

名词作同位语

Mr Wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。

(在这里'my child's teacher'做同位语修饰'Mr Wang')

短语作同位语

I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里的女孩，总是要照料家中的其他孩子。

直接引语作同位语

But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”

句子作同位语

The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

1.同位语从句讲解-定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

2.同位语从句讲解-用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

你在哪儿听说我不能来?

Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。

注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：

I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。

连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。

The question who should do the work requires consideration.

谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。

It is a question how he did it.

那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

解释：

1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别

that引导的同位语从句

that引导的定语从句

句法功能上：

that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。

that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。

意义上：

从句是被修饰名词的内容。

从句起限定作用，是定语

如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。)

李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。

The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。)

他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。

2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：

This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

这就是我们的请求：尽快解决这个问题。

同位语从句讲之练习题：

1. _____ we need more practice is quite clear. A. When B. What C. That D. /

2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business. A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when

3. _____ he is doing seems quite difficult. A. How B. That C. Which D. What

4. _____ that there is another good harvest this year. A. It says B. It is said C. It was said D. He was said

5. _____ that she has received a doctor‘s degree. A. It’s a splendid news B. This is a splendid news C. It‘s splendid news D. This is splendid news

6. _____ still needs to be discussed. A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out C. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan carried out

7. _____ is unknown to us all. A. Where did she put it B. Where she put it C. That where she put it D. In which she put it

8. _____ nothing to do with us. A. What he did is  B. What he has done is C. What did he do has D. What he has done has

9. That‘s _____ the Party called on us to do. A. what B. that C. how D. why

10. The reason why I have to go is _____ if I don‘t. A. that she will be disappointed B. because she will be disappointed C. on account of her being disappointed D. that she will be disappointing

11. It was _____ he worked hard that he succeeded. A. because B. since C. as D. for

12. I have no idea _____. A. what does the word “infinity” meanB. what the word “infinity” means C. what the meaning of the word “infinity” D. what the word “infinity” mean

13. _____ do you think will teach us maths next term? A. Whom B. Who C. What D. That

14. Are you sure _____? A. whether she is honest B. that she is honesty C. she is honest   D. is she honest

15. He often thinks of _____ he can do more for the four modernizations. A. what B. how C. that D. which

答案与解析： 1. C that在引导主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句时不省略，引导宾语从句时可省略。 2. B whether…or无论…还是 3. D what he is doing 他所做的事情。 4. B 由that引导的主语从句通常用形式主语来代替 5. C由that引导的主语从句通常用形式主语来代替，news是不可数名词，所以选C 6. B “怎样实施计划还有待讨论”，语序应该为称述语序，所以选B 7. B “她放在什么地方，我们大家都不知道”，语序应该为称述语序，所以选B 8. D “他所做的与我们无关”have nothing to 与什么无关，句子做主语，谓语用单数，所以选D 9. A 那就是聚会号召我们做的事情 10. A that在从句中做成分则为定语从句;that在从句中不做成分则为同位语从句。 11. A 12. B 语序应该为称述语序，所以选B 13. B “你认为谁会来教我们下学期的数学” 14. C “你能肯定她是诚实的”，省略了that 15. B 他经常在思考怎样为四个现代化多做贡献。

每天学习一点语法知识，你会发现，日积月累，你就会变成语法高手啦，只不过是一个熟能生巧的过程，希望大家能够持续关注我们哦。

 

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