作者尤梦怡：武汉新航道英联邦考试院雅思口语讲师，英国利兹大学国际传播专业硕士，语言基础扎实，了解中西方文化差异，将对西方社会文化的学习融入课堂教学。为人亲和，善于倾听学生需求。
5月新题刚出来，很多烤鸭不淡定了，怎么这一季度part1 新话题居然还有rubbish?
那么怎么捡这道“垃圾”才是正确的打开方式？
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我们先一起回顾一下该话题的问题：
1. Would people just throw rubbish on the street?
2. What would u do when you see rubbish on the street?
3. Do you think it is easy to teach people not to throw trash around? 4. How important is it to keep the city clean?
细看4个小问题，前两个属于常规part1问题，而后两个问题难度稍微大一些。
1. Would people just throw rubbish on the street?
学生常见回答：Yes, it’s a common phenomenon in China. Everyday, I can see rubbish everywhere. People just throw it on the road. （词汇简单，拓展太少）
分析：该问题属于part1 以及part3 问题类型中常见的国情类问题。题干信息出现了“people”或者“in China”字眼的时候，咱们可以优先考虑是否可以分类。一般情况下，根据题目所问对象分类可以按照年龄，性别，人群所在地区（南方&北方；沿海&内地），受教育&非受教育人群，或者概括化的分 some & the others。
显然，针对这一题，年纪和性别都不太好去探讨原因，所以从概括化分类，一些人&另一些人，因为社会上并不是所有人都会往地上扔垃圾， 那么咱们的答案雏形大概就是：
That depends.
For some, they may throw the garbage directly on the street because…
While for most of us, we will throw it into the trash bin or bag for…
下一步分析原因：
a) 扔垃圾的原因可能是：
客观原因：1. trash bins are not always available on the road； 2. No relevant regulation/punishment
主观原因：Lack awareness of environment protection
b) 不扔垃圾原因：What we are educated since we were little kids
综上，针对这个问题的回答：
That depends.
For some, they may throw the garbage directly on the street because trash bins are not always available, I mean, the number of them are far fewer compared to such large population.
While for most of us, we will throw it into the trash bin or bag for that is what we are educated since we were little kids.
2. What would you do when you see rubbish on the street?
同理，此问题可以参考问的回答方式进行分情况讨论。一般来说，对于受过良好教育的我们来说，在不着急(not in a hurry)以及垃圾比较干净(like plastic bottles or paper)的情况下，大多数人还是会捡起来的；如果垃圾太多，时间很赶(run to work or study)，或者垃圾较恶心(disgusting)，可能就会置之不理（leave it as it is）。
综上，针对这个问题的回答：
Normally speaking, I would pick it up if I’m not in a hurry.
But sometimes, I may leave it as it is when I have to run to work or school, or simply because the garbage is too disgusting like the leftovers.
3. Do you think it is easy to teach people not to throw trash around?
该小问是rubbish 话题相对来说难度的一个问题，有点类似part3措施类问题模式。
大多数烤鸭在回答这个问题的时候，偏向回答的都是it is not easy to teach people not to throw trash around，然后就卡住了。
教人不乱丢垃圾确实是一件难事，那么为什么呢？ 回顾咱们问，分析人们为什么丢垃圾的原因的时候，从客观和主观两个方面去分析原因，同理，针对让人们不乱丢垃圾的原因也可以从两个方面去分析。
客观原因：
1. No clear reward and punishment system concerning trash throwing 没有清晰的奖惩制度
2. Hard to regulate such large number of population
主观原因：
Awareness of environment protection is not that strong for each individual
所以，初步答案可以是：
Well, I suppose no since in China, there’s no clear reward and punishment system concerning trash throwing. On top of that, it’s also hard for the government to regulate such large number of population.
这个初步答案对于大多数考生足以应付这个问题了，但是这个问题还可以进一步优化。既然已经分析了让人不丢垃圾的难点，那么可以进一步分析针对难点的可行措施。
例如：
1. Set a good example for next generation
2. Make possible regulations or enhance supervision considering throwing trash around
3. Set up more trash bins and encourage citizens to classify trash
所以，该问题优化之后的答案就是：
Well, I suppose no since in China, there’s no clear reward and punishment system concerning trash throwing. On top of that, it’s also hard for the government to regulate such large number of population.
So, it would be more effective if all the adults could set a good example for next generation. Also, it’s also necessary to set up more trash bins and encourage citizens to classify trash.
4. How important is it to keep the city clean?
大多数学生回答：It’s very important to keep the city clean because a clean city can give us a more comfortable living environment. (和问句中的关键词重复，无同义替换，拓展少)
这个问题其实类似于经常见到的do you think it is important …? 重要性问题类型。针对这种问题类型，当然答案是肯定的，后面相应给出原因Well, I have to say that it’s quite essential/ necessary to keep the city neat and tidy for the reason that… 很多学生能够想到这一步，但是往往无法给出更多理由了。
其实不妨从反面论证，想一想如果城市不干净(poor hygiene condition)，会面临什么问题 : living environment will be damaged/impact citizen’s wellbeing ; 更深层次影响jeopardize the ability of survival of our next generation。
综上，针对这个问题答案就呼之欲出了：
Well, I have to say that it’s quite essential/ necessary to keep the city neat and tidy for the reason that we share public open space together.
If not, we would face various problems. Poor hygiene condition will impact citizen’s well-being, and possibly jeopardize the ability of survival of our next generation.
分析完了Rubbish话题，是否现在对于怎么“捡垃圾”更加有信心了呢？
当然，文中提到的分类/分情况讨论需要针对具体的提问对象来看，不是所有的这种类型问题一定要分类讨论。总之，找到最适合自己的口语回答思路即可。
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