四级考场上时间紧张,尤其听力分秒必争。不少同学反映自己在做四级听力的时候,根本无法做到看到了题目,又听清了题。要么就是看完了题目,听力就没听到;要么就认真去听题,但很多时候信息量大记不住,没法择选出关键信息来做题目。我们该如何解决听力预判问题呢?笔者根据四级听力的特点给出了以下的听前预判技巧:
一、 横纵对比所有选项猜测文章主题范围:
首先可以预读各小题预测听力主题,迅速浏览所有题目选项,将所考查的主题内容结合在一起,往往可以大致推断出整段听力材料的听力范围,这适用于新闻、对话、短文或讲座。学生可以通过试卷上的黑色字体判断读题顺序。比如,试卷上看到:Questions1 to 2are based on the conversation you have just heard.这就表明,1和2是针对同一段听力材料,通过迅速浏览第 一题和第二题,便可推断主题。以2016年6月四级听力为例:
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A)How college students can improve their sleep habits.
B)Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.
C)Why college students are more likely to have stress problems.
D)How college students can handle their psychological problems.
2. A)It is not easy to improve one's sleep habits.
B)It is not good for students to play video games.
C)Students who are better prepared generally get higher scores in examinations.
D)Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.
通过快速浏览选项,可以通过反复出现的主题词提示:college students, sleep habits, sleep等等推测本段听力与大学生、睡眠习惯有关,然后学生方可根据具体方法确定每一题的考察方向。
二、从其中相同的成分判断各小题考点:
(1.)人称相同。比如考生如读到以下的几个选项,通过反复出现的单词如:they和technology,学生可以推测出本题的定位重点是一类人或物和科技的一些练习。
A) They are keen on high technology.
B) They are poor at technology skills.
C) They often listen to National Public Radio.
D) They feel superior in science and technology.
(2.)结构相同。比如学生如果读到以下的几个选项,通过相同的结构It will be more/easier…可以快速推断听辨重点是事物的变化趋势。
A) It will be more futuristic.
B) It will be more systematic.
C) It will be more entertaining
D) It will be easier to understand.
(3.)含义相同。学生通过横纵对比以下选项会很快发现,四个选项的相同点是句子的含义大致相同,听辨的重点可以看出是强调事务的变化。
A) They turned from white to purple in color.
B) They became popular on the world market.
C) They became an important food for humans.
D) They began to look like modern-day carrots.
三、比较选项中的明显无关项。学生其中的D选项,明显和其它三个选项属于不同类别,因而对的可能性极小。
(A) The choice of course.
(C) An evening course.
(B) A day course.
(D) Their work.
四、不同板块的预判重点:
(1)长对话
长对话题型通过历年试题的研究可以看出,四级听力长对话大多数试题涉及到大学校园生活。谈话的话题大多涉及大学生活中的各个场景,诸如吃饭、学习、借书、做作业、考试、开车、生病、找工作等等。每一类场景都有特定的词汇和固定谈话思路,由于四六级听力是没有题目的,选项的预测和推断就显得尤为重要。比如下面这道2016年12月1套卷真题中第二部分长对话版块的:通过对比12题的四个选项,学生可以发现这些词语词性相同,且都是描述人物性格的词汇;通过第13题相同的选项可以推测考点是询问一类人想做的事情;通过14题的相同She可以判断长对话的定位重点是女性观点,且事件发生在过去,CD选项否定动作。15题则可以预判听辨重点为房子或者是一类人
12. A) Open. B) Friendly.
C) Selfish. D) Reserved.
13. A) They stay quiet. B) They read a book.
C) They talk about the weather. D) They chat with fellow passengers.
14. A) She was always treated as a foreigner.
B) She was eager to visit an English castle.
C) She was never invited to a colleague's home.
D) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.
15. A) Houses are much more quiet.
B) Houses provide more privacy.
C) They want to have more space.
D) They want a garden of their own.
(2)新闻板块
而在新闻板块中,由于新闻题材的特殊性,如倒金字塔结构和时间顺序结构。且在新闻报道中,往往会把最重要的新闻事实放在整个新闻报道的开头,作为导语,次要的新闻事实放在导语后,把最不重要的新闻放在末尾。整个四级听力中对新闻部分的考察方向均以主旨题和细节题结合,所以对主旨题目的预判直接关乎文章理解的准确性。如下面真题:
1.A)Heavy floods. B)Safety concerns.
C)Bad economy. D)Workers’ strikes.
2. A)It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.
B)It provides many job opportunities for French people.
C)It is the biggest concern of the French government.
D)It plays an important role in the nation’s economy.
通过复现的关键词economy; concern; French; job; workers 等等可以看出是一篇经济新闻,且大概率会讨论一些法国政府或社会中的一些问题,可能和旅行有关。学生如果能够提前带入场景词汇,那么在听力过程中将能更好地理解新闻主旨和定位正确选项。
(3)篇章板块
与短对话和新闻相比,篇章的预读方式稍有差别。具体来说,在对话中,每一道题对应的是单独的一段对话,因此每道题之间没有联系,考生预读时只有通过预读一道题来猜测该对话的主题、提问方式与可能答案;而在篇章中,一篇文章对应数道题,这些题目之间具有联系,因此在预读时需要注意两点:一是注意题目之间的联系,要学会根据题目之间内容的关联作出一个前后推导;二是要综合数道题目所暗示的信息来预测长对话或短文的中心思想,因为正确选项很多时候都与中心思想相关。我们通过真题来进行分析。
19. A) They were the first settlers in Europe.
B) They were the conquerors of Norway.
C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.
D) They settled on a small island north of England.
20. A) It was some five hundred miles west of Norway.
B) It was covered with green most time of the year.
C) It was the Vikings’ most important discovery.
D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.
21. A) The Vikings’ ocean explorations.
B) The making of European nations.
C) The Vikings’ everyday life.
D) The Europeans’ Arctic discoveries.
比如这套2017年12月第二套卷的篇章真题,通过前后推导我们可以通过复现的一些实词:conquerors, settle, island, discovery, England, Norway等等得出主题和探索冒险有关,且根据结构相同的成分如时态可知定位重点是过去。通过对19题的人称相同猜测听辨一类人过去的属性;20题结构相同判定某个事物的特点;21题通过复现的实词Viking, exploration and discoveries猜测为主旨题。
通过对大学四级听力听前预测的详解,想信大家已经掌握了快速做好四级听力听前预判的方法!做题之前一定要横纵对比确定主题。其次通过比较每个选项的特点如人称相同、结构相同和含义相同的部分来定位每道小题的考点,最后也不要忘记了可以根据每个板块的题型特点来帮助我们合理推测和预判主题和考察方向!