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作者简介:刘备,新航道综合英语部读写讲师。自08年初起从事英语教学多年,
授课经验丰富。教学形式多样、生动形象,富有激情和感染力。实际授课过程中能
将英语学习、生活、考试完美结合,旁征博引,融会贯通。
雅思阅读要求考生在1小时内迅速根据三篇文章完成40道不同类型的题目,如果算上填答题卡时间,每道题还不到1.5分钟,可谓争分夺秒。正因为此,速度(无论是阅读速度还是做题速度)在考试中显得尤为重要。而在做题过程中往往会被考生视作“拦路虎”的,首当其冲应该是陌生的生词。本文结合雅思真题就如何猜测单词词义给考生一些意见作为参考。
招式一:根据定义猜测词义
In slang the term ‘jam’ constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
阅读文章中经常有类似下定义的句子,可以根据动词后面的部分进行理解生词含义。此句中的jam可根据后面的a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation判定为“困境”。
这类定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute, etc.
招式二:根据复述猜测词义
A.同位语(在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时候也使用破折号,冒号,分号,引号和括号等)
Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
此处Semantics为专业术语,后面跟上同位语对其进行解释,译为“语义学”。
B.定语从句
Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.
此处SAD为缩写词,后面用定语从句加以说明,根据“seasonal affective disorder”译为“季节性情感障碍”。
C.根据举例猜测词义
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.
此处epochal可根据后面的such as进行推测。由于such as表举例,其后的例子就是epochal events,可译为“新纪元的,划时代的”。
招式三:根据句子内在逻辑关系猜测词义
句子间会根据内在逻辑关系用相应连词来进行连接,在生词猜测过程中可借助这些连词帮助进行理解。句子内在逻辑关系主要集中在以下几种:
A.对比关系(相反)
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
此处有in contrast。据此supercilious的意思应该与humble and modest相反,译为“高傲的”。
表示对比关系的词汇短语主要有: unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast, while, etc,
B.比较关系(相似)
Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
此处根据similarly可判定loquacious与loves to talk的意思相近,译为“多嘴的”。
表示比较关系的词汇短语主要有: similarly, like just as, also, etc.
C.因果关系
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
此处根据because可判定autocratic与make decisions without seeking the opinions of others, 译为“独裁的”。
D.替代关系
Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
此处根据and可判定前后两句话都是后果,endangered his position 与jeopardize his future并列,译为“危及”。
招式四:根据词根词缀猜测词义
He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.
此处semiconscious可看做semi-+conscious,译为“半意识的”。
Insecticide is applied where it is needed.
此处insecticide可看做insect+-cide,译为“杀虫剂”。
其实多数情况下,可将上述招式结合起来,根据具体情况灵活使用,可以迅速猜出生词词义,让其不再成为我们阅读的绊脚石。
本文由武汉新航道学校提供,专业的雅思/托福/GRE/SAT/个性化/听说读写培训,为学员插上理想的翅膀。衷心祝愿各位同学都能学到真正的知识与能力,并在考试中取得理想的成绩,拥有一个美好的未来。

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