作者：雅思阅读组 冯瑶

雅思阅读考题常包含多种逻辑关系，如并列关系，转折关系，因果关系，举例关系。而在这四种逻辑关系中，并列关系格外受到出题人的偏爱，尤其是填空题型，将近1/4的题目都涉及到了并列。所以解题过程中，如果能够快速识别出来，就能够加快解题速度。

那如何识别并列关系呢？答案很简单，主要是依赖于相关的一些信号词。常见的并列信号词有： and，both…and，as well (as)，not only…but also，too，also，besides，in addition，from…to等。但是，鉴于目前的雅思阅读难度正在逐渐加大，考题中所涉及到的并列关系也会变得越来越隐蔽。所以考生们除了熟练掌握上述并列关系的表达外，还需要知道以下三种特殊情况同样也涉及并列：

1. 项目编号“·”,“-”。

很多考生在读题时，往往只关注单词，而忽略题干中所呈现出来的特殊符号。如剑10 test 4 passage 1中：

·  Characteristics of wildfires and wildfire conditions today compared to the past:

- occurrence: more frequent

- temperature: hotter

- speed: faster

- movement: 1 _____ more unpredictably

- size of fires: 2 _____ greater on average than two decades ago

· Reasons wildfires cause more damage today compared to the past:

- rainfall: 3 _____ average

- more brush to act as 4 ______ 　

- increase in yearly temperature

- extended fire 5 ______ 　

- more building of 6 ________in vulnerable places

其中，两个“·”后面的信息构成了并列结构，同时“-”后面的信息之间也存在并列。所以解题时就可以利用这个关系，如3，4，5，6题可以找到原文中对应的并列词，分别是one explanation, another reason, first, second, third，从而快速解题。

再比如剑14 test 1 passage 1中：

opportunities for free play are limited due to

- fear of 4____

- fear of 5____

- increased 6______ in schools

同样地，该题中4，5，6题前面都有“-”，所以不难定位到原文中“Outdoor play is curtailed by perceptions of risk to do with traffic, as well as parents’ increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime and by the emphasis on ‘earlier is better’ which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools”。其中，并列结构的体现为：A, as well as B and C。对应句找到了，结合顺序原则，也就很容易找到答案。

2.  one/another(in addition to)

这个词经常会被忽略，但其实该词在雅思阅读考题出现的时候，很多时候都是对应并列关系。比如剑10 test 4 passage 3中：

题目：One explanation for the findings of Wagner's research is….

对应原文：Another more intriguing possibility is that the genetic information needed to make toes somehow survived for tens or perhaps hundreds of millions of years in the lizards and was reactivated.

其中，one和another形成对应。

再比如剑12 passage 7 passage 2中：
题目：One cause of pollution is _____ that burn a particular fuel.

对应原文：part of the problem is, of course, the massive number of cars being driven, in addition to factories that run on coal power.

此处，one和in addition to 形成对应。

3. different

different 这个词看似和并列关系毫无关系，但其实，如果仔细去分析下段落匹配题中出现的different的原文对应，就不难发现，该词在原文中的替换几乎都包含并列结构。比如剑13 test 4 passage 3中：

题目：examples of different ways of collecting information on soil degradation.

对应原文：Researchers from nine countries are working together to create a map linked to a database that can be fed measurements from field surveys, drone surveys, satellite imagery, lab analyses and so on to provide real-time data on the state of the soil.

此处，different对应“A, B and C”结构。

再如剑11 test 3 passage 3中：

题目：a reference to different categories of intended readers of this book.

对应原文：those who enjoyed mathematics until they were turned off by an unpleasant episode, usually around fifth grade, and mathematics aficionados, who will find much that is new throughout the book.

此处，different 对应 “those who… and mathematics aficionados, who…”。

近两年，雅思考试尤其是阅读部分因题目难度大而频频登上热搜，考生们需要在备考期间大量刷题，多多总结，摸索规律，尤其是常规考点的特殊考法，才能在考场上灵活应变。