众所周知,对于广大国内“烤鸭”来说,口语板块一直是大家最容易陷入瓶颈且单项难以实现5/5.5到6“质的飞跃”的存在,那么这个难以逾越的鸿沟到底难在哪里?又有什么小技巧可以帮助我们实现与雅思早日分手的愿望呢?接下来笔者就给大家推荐一个简单、实用、好操作的小套路 – 主动变被动。
l 为什么要这么做?
雅思口语主要考察考生们四大板块的英语能力:Fluency and Coherence, Lexical Resource, Grammatical Range and Accuracy, Pronunciation。在能表现出充分交流的意愿并能使用一些列连接词及语篇标记(满足FC),积累并增加同义替换及对应的场景词汇(满足LR),不出现多次明显的单词发音或重音错误(满足PR)后,很多同学还是纳闷自己口语分数为什么依然上不去?原因就在于Grammatical Range and Accuracy这个板块得分过低。笔者截取了雅思口语评分标准的GR板块予以参考:
不难发现,Band5标准是“能使用基本句式”,而Band6标准为“结合使用简单与复杂的句型”。想要实现GR板块从5到6的提升,助力口语单项突破6冲上7,同学们必须要增加一些句式的使用,例如:强调句、定语从句、倒装句、虚拟语气、条件状语从句、现在完成进行时、被动语态、动词不定式作主语、动名词作主语、名词性从句(主语/宾语/表语从句)。接下来要分享给大家的“主动变被动”就可以帮助同学们巧妙地调整语言的难度,丰富表达。
l 具体怎么做?
顾名思义,“主动变被动”就是将句子从主动语态转换为被动语态,但是需要注意,这里的语态变换并不是简单地将主语和宾语调换位置。以sports话题为例What kind of sport do you usually do?如果我们将I usually play basketball主语和宾语简单地进行位置对调会变成Basketball is usually played by me. 这是很别扭的说法,而聪明的做法就是将playing basketball现在分词作主语,usually“经常”这个说法转换成”在我to-do list的头一条“,这样一个简单句就变成了Playing basketball is placed at the top of my to-do list. 再者,如果把usually转换成“会被优先考虑”,句子就变成了Personally speaking,playing basketball is firstly considered。类似地,如果问题变成个人计划Will you…in the future?,则可以使用一般将来时的被动语态will be done:Yes, … will be firstly considered或No, … will not be considered.
除了个人计划/习惯,“主动变被动”同样适用于喜好/观点类问题。以1-4月新题New Year为例,Is New Year celebration important to you? 如果给予肯定的回答“我认为它重要”,转换成被动语态“它被我视为很重要的东西”,那么这个回答就变成了 Yes. For me, it is placed high value of. 笔者总结了“主动变被动”常用的加分三大句式以及它们可以适用的P1问题类型(如下)
l 具体哪些话题可以这么做?
2021年1-4月P1话题(包含旧题和新题)共37个,除了name、farming、changes、discussion、handwriting这5个外,其余32个话题都极有可能遇到个人喜好/观点/计划/习惯的提问方式。
根据“新航道武汉学校2021年1-4月口语题库”统计(由于P1仅话题固定,具体提问方式可能有细微出入,这里的“总题数”数据仅做参考),适用度的是weekends话题,高频考题包括:
What do you usually do on weekends?What will you do next weekend?Do you often go to(…)on weekends?Would you say weekends are important to us?其次,famous people、singing、making a list、clothes等都是可以进行主动变被动的“优质对象”。
下面拿weekends话题进行操练:
1、 What do you usually do on weekends?
Sample answer:Watching movies is placed at the top of my to-do list on weekends. You know, in weekdays studying and working stuff have taken up most of my spare time, so on Saturdays or Sundays I will be more free to do whatever I’m truly into, for instance, going to the movies.
2、 What will you do next weekend?
Sample answer:Meeting a friend will be firstly considered for my next weekend’s plan. One of my best friends from high school is leaving for UK in 20 days or so. I guess next weekend would be our last chance to meet up and have some fun together in China.
3、 Would you say weekends are important to you?
Sample answer:Yes of course. For me, weekends are placed high value of. The reason is that weekends are the time when I’m off duty, therefore I would have chances to hang out with my friends, hold a home party, or just chill by myself. Those activities on weekends could help me escape from my daily routine temporarily and release much pressure.
综上所述,如果掌握了现在分词作主语,再加上“被优先考虑”去替换“经常做/喜欢做/计划做”;“…被视作重要的存在”替换掉“认为…重要“,烤鸭们在GR的得分上一定会增添一份实力和信心!