2016-2018年词汇题总结

durable=long last

simultaneously=at the same time

recognized=accepted

case in point=good example

the course of change=the way change developed

courteous=polite

barring=excluding

elevated=high

incidence=frequency

dismiss=reject

hasten=hurry

Embrace=adopted

Substantial=large

Enduring=lasting

Prosperity=wealth

spurt = a sudden increase

massively= extensively

pragmatic= practical

unprecedented= unlike anything in the past

era= period

fragment= pieces

assess= evaluate

suffice= be enough

adequate=suitable

founding = establishment

candidate

compelling

scatter=distribute

swift=quick

fragile=damaged

sparse=more thinly

proponent=supporter

episode= occurrence

advent=revival

durable=long lasting

Main component=make most up

scrutiny=close observation

coupled with=added to

surely=certainly

ideally=perfectly

seldom=rarely

constrain=limitation

prosperous=wealthy

consumption=cost of

vigorous=strong

vicinity=surrounding area

adapt=adjust

invariable=always

gradual=slow

peak=maximum

disrupt=destroy

component=piece

appeal=attraction

deciphering=figure out

lethal=deadly

dramatically=striking

tending=take care of

quest=search

generally=usually

exceptional=extraordinary

perplexing=puzzling

prevail＝dominant

thereby＝consequently

suitable=appropriate

ardent=enthusiastic

compelling=persuasive

scanty=few

distinctive=characteristics

confine=restrict to

resemble= look like

lone=single

restricted=limited

enabling=allowing

culminate=end

pioneering=original

irritating=annoying

initiate=start

exploit=use fully

Renewed=restored

impressive=striking

discard=abandon

startle=surprise

virtually=almost

disrupt=disturb

rudimentary=simple

baffled=puzzled

completely ideal=perfect

ruled out=excluded

elaborate=complex

periodical=regular

periodically=short interval time

attest to=provide evidence of

configuration=arrangement

dispersal=distribution

fragments=pieces

precious=accurate

imitator=some one who copied his work

painstaking=taking great effort to

distinctive=recognizable

associated with=related to

substantial =considerable

in contrast to=as opposed to

resolved

fortunately

seldom

excluded

rival

decisive

mundane

barrier to

bare

sparse

contract into

promoted

vigorous

abruptly

continually

eradicated

integrated

facilitated

discontent

Scarcity/sacred

congestion

drastically

advantageous

retained

compacted

associated

sensitive to

constructed

explicit

integration

suspicion

lucrative

distortion

temporarily

peculiar

cultivate

permeated

duties

chronological

resembled

relatively

wrought

distortions

temporary

peculiar

remote

aggregate

adverse

permeable

pursue

segmented

cluster

transparent

rudimentary

akin to

occasionally

ingenuity

erased

fluctuations

maintained

merely

dramatic

fulfill

Constraints

Depleted

Ultimately

Hence

Insure

Viable

Abrupt

Accessible to

Unfavorable

Triggered

Severely

Reinforcing

Sparse = scarce

notable =well-known

speculate=conjecture

Scatter = spread

skepticism =doubt  

solely=only

mechanism of dis-composition =how dis-composition take place

skepticism =doubt  

enduring= lasting

appeal to = attract

eventually = in the end

ongoing = continuing

emergence = appearance

anxiety = worry

allowing=making possible

corresponds to =matches

highlighting = emphasizing

fragments = pieces

pragmatic = practical

complexity= sophistication

upon reflection = after consideration

massively = extensively

founding = establishment

emit = release

consult = ask

extreme = great

simultaneous = at the same time

elevate = upward

recognize = know

trigger = start

chaotic = disorganize

dismiss= rejected

simultaneously=at the same time

uniformly= consistently

much deterioration = worse condition

innumerable =countless

thorough= completely

end=purpose

suffice=to be enough

addressed

justification = good reason

compelling= convincing

exceedingly

scarcity

reflected = shown

afford

revered

pervasive= widespread

inspiring = striking

postulate

conversely=in contrast

confirming = proving

their component

disperse

Ensured=guaranteed

assess

prolonged

In some extent = to a certain degree of

detect

advent

viable= successful

precious

portable

era=period

discarded = abandoned

adequate

counterpart=equivalent

Of no need to say= obvious

marvelous

vacate=empty

Duration of =the length of

resolve

autonomy= self-rule

insure= guarantee

his imitators

compelling

accessible = available

baffled= puzzled

adhesive = sticky

enabled= allowed

abrupt = sudden

spurt =sudden increase

unprecedented=never happened previously

essential= principal

flourished = do so well

signifying= indicate

Garment==xxx of clothing

thus=in this way

install = put in place

promoting=developing

Faithfully = accurately

Admiration for = high opinion of

Perceived = seen

Fragile = delicate

Obtained = gathered

preserved= buried

A wealth of data = a lot of information

Encompass= include

Supplement=addition

Presumed=assumed

Inhospitable=bleak

Sterile=barren

Hazard=danger

Fragile=delicate

Subtle=complex

Hostile=combative

Rot=decay

articulate=expressive

Allied=combined

Compilation=integration

Isolated=separated

Vulnerable=unprotected

Distinct=clear

Intact=whole

Disperse=spread

Mutual=shared

annual=yearly

mere=only

ascend=go up

converge on=meet

vanishes=disappears

features=aspects

unrivaled=unequaled

verifying=confirming

Verging（verge）=bordering

admirably=very well

durable= long-lasting

continuously=constantly

Ingestion

Maintaining = keeping

Identifying

Copious = abundant

Inherent

Anonymous=unidentifiable

Culminated = high point

Emerged = rose

Respective

Decisive = determinate

distinctive=characteristic

respective=in the order presented

decisive=determining

appreciation=understanding

exercised=applied

emergence=rise

tactic=strategy

thus=consequently

unprecedented = never seen before

permanent = constant

excessive= too many

inadvertently = accidentally

explicit= clear stated

integration = unit

suspicion = distrust

experimenting with = trying to

drastic= extreme

acquired = obtained

Vacated = emptied

counterpart= equivalent

essential = principal

foundation=basis

on balance=over all

prevailing

profoundly=deeply

Robust

Sustain=keep

vacate

scatter=distribute

furnished=equipped

exploit=use

consist of=make up

supplement=add to

Scrutiny=close observation

witness=experience

arduous=difficult

cue=signal

conceivably=believably

uniform = constant

considerably = greatly

significance = importance

roughly = approximately

ingenious = comprehensive

feat = achievement

bizarre = strange

unpredictable = viable

formulate = investigate

invariable = always

retained = kept

alter = change

integrated = combined

hasten = sped up

Relentless=without pause

Encountered=came into contact with

Mobilize=put into action

Remarkable=impressive

Properties=characteristics

Substantially=significantly

Allegedly=supposedly

Apparent=obvious

Ruled out=excluded

Ideal=perfect

Periodically=at regular intervals of time

Elaborate=complex

Lucrative=profitable

Distinctions=differences

Elaborate=complicated

Persuasively=convincingly

Allied=related

Dispersed=spread

Resultant=consequent

Parallels=matches

Profound=very strong

Shallow=having little depth

Recognized=accepted

Simultaneously=at the same time

Dismissed=rejected

Elevated=high

pioneering=original

distinct=separate

enabling=allowable

restrict=limited

surplus=excess

stimulate=encouraging

lucrative=profitable

elaborate=complex

resemble=looks like

preserve=maintain

conceivably=believably

Manageable = easy to handle

Unambiguous = clear

Concede = admit

Reconcile = bring together

Striking = dramatic

Perplexing = puzzling

Prevailing = dominant

Typified = characterized

Preponderance = majority

Isolated = separated

Harness = utilize

Vicinity = neighborhood

painstaking

competence

inelegant

comparable

Unfavorable

supplementary = additional

prosperous = successful

inevitably = necessarily

incentive = motivation

exploit = take the advantage of

optimal = favorable

Excrete= release

stationary = fixed

specific = typical

focus on = dependent on

imminent = future

refinement = improvement

rudimentary = primitive

conceal = hide

surplus = excess

diminish = decrease

Succeed = following

hence = thus

consistent = the same

diminish = decrease

sustain = support

rudimentary = elementary

akin to = similar with

occasionally = sometimes

ingenuity = inventiveness

undesirable = unsatisfactory

explicitly = clearly

collectively = in a whole

compensate = make up for

anticipating = expecting

aim = goal

embrace = accept

fragment = pieces

massively = substantially

founding = building

pragmatic = practical

profound = strong

plausible = reasonable

honored = respected

self-sufficient = independent

constant=occurring periodically

exploited = used

retained = kept

resolved = settled

fortunately = luckily

seldom = rarely

excluded = kept out

accommodated = allowed

detected = noticed

debate = argue about

Obsolete= out of date

suitable = appropriate

ambitious = impressive but difficult to achieve

take precedence over = have greater importance than

thereby = consequently

suitable = appropriate

generally = usually

tending = taking care of

Obvious = clear

Adjacent to = next to

Widespread = common

Dense = thick

sophistication = complexity

anchored = held in place

eventually = over time

renowned = famous

concurred with = agreed with

distinctive = characteristic

gradually = slowly

Surplus = excess quantity

Exhibits = displays

Embody = incorporate

collapsed = fell inward

intense = extreme

in retrospect = in reconsidering the past

Scenario = version of events

Repetitive = happening many times

elaborate = developed

Retention = keeping

to capacity = used to its full agricultural potential

cycle = pattern of events that repeats itself

surplus = extra

disrupted = disordered

dramatically = significantly

triggering = starting

simultaneously = at the same time

magnitude = extent

ongoing = continuing

corresponds to = matches

complexity = sophistication

allowing = making possible

enhanced = improved

peculiar to = unique to

dispersed = scattered

addressed = dealt with

scarcity = insufficiency

prolonged = extended

commonplace = ordinary

rudimentary = primitive

hazardous = dangerous

Pertinent= relevant

ceases = stops

integrated = combined

launched = started

methodically = systematically

accelerated = speed up

perfected = improved

renowned = famous

concurred with = agreed with

distinctive = characteristic

gradually = slowly

identical = the same

sophisticated = complex

inconspicuous=not easily noticed

plentiful = numerous

emergence = rise

routinely = regularly

distinctive = attractive

vicinity = region

contribute to = add to

exhaust = use up

on balance = overall

garment = article of clothing

thus = in this way

install = put in place

promoting = encouraging

prerequisite = requirement

proper = appropriate

ruled out = excluded

ideal = perfect

periodically = at regular intervals of time

elaborate = complex

constituent = component

gradual = slow

predominate = are in the majority

diffuse = spread

lucrative = profitable

revered = greatly admired

advent = arrival

Impulse to = push toward

repetitive = happening many times

elaborate = developed

retention = keeping

stimulated = encouraged

indispensable = essential

conventional = traditional

confirmed = proven

ornamented = decorated

Stamina = endurance

peak = high point

customarily = commonly

supposition = examined

Replication = copying

investigate = examine

relentless = without pause

encountered = came into contact with

mobilize = put into action

remarkable = impressive

prelude to = introductory step to

impressive = remarkable

elaborate = complex

exploited = discovered

plausible = reasonable

sufficient = adequate

exceed = be greater than

ingenious = clever

feat = achievement

bizarre = strange

unpredictable = uncertain

estimated = calculated approximately

apparent = seeming

submerged = put under water

routine = common

sufficiently = enough

inhabitant = resident

albeit = though

Soar = increase

improbable = unlikely

approaching = nearing

demand = require

in retrospect = think in reconsideration

velocity = speed

intense = extreme

scenario = a version of events

vacated = emptied

counterparts = equivalents

compelling = convincing

essential = principal

persistent = lasting

promote = encourage

contradictory = conflicting

manifestations = expressions

exceed = be more than

supplement = add to

composes = makes up

remnants = remainders

remote = isolated

cited = mentioned

aggregate = collection

transparent = images can be seen through them without obstruction

cluster = group

many segment = are divided into several parts

constitute = component

gradual = slow

predominate = are in the majority

diffuse = spread

typically = specifically

thus = as a result

pursuit = possession

intricate = complex

eliminates = removes

relatively = comparatively

inadvertently = unintentionally

self-sufficient = independent

constant=occurring periodically

exploited = used

retained = kept

Surge = sudden growth

Proportion= size

sustain = support

concept = idea

sufficient = enough

proximate = close distance from

correlated = associated

sustain = support

jeopardize = endangered

excessively = extremely

optimum = ideal

put up with = tolerate

apparent = seeming

delicate = carefully protected

manipulated = skillfully used

pursue = practice

subsistence = survival

Severity = harshness

congregate = gather

consequently = as a result

comprise = consist of

revealed = showed

consistent = the same

conceal = hide

explicable = mysterious

engaged in = practiced

intentional = plan

Profusely = abundant

adequate = rich

compelling = persuasive

assess = evaluate

correlated = associated

sustain = support

jeopardize = endangered

excessively = extremely

inevitably = unavoidably

halt = stop

typical = normal

continually = all the time

periodic = recurred regularly

markedly = surprisingly

be accompanied with = occur together

profound = significantly

adverse = unfavorably

implement = carry out

catastrophe = disaster

distinctive = different

retained = kept

gradual = slow

pursue = chase

contending = compete

acquired = obtain

merely = only

explicit = clear

replicate = copy

underlie = on the basis of

faithfully = accurately

admiration = in high opinion

appealing = attractive

rugged = rough

repetitive = done many times

critical = essential

tactic = strategy

intermediate = in the middle stage

nonetheless = however

intense = extreme

scenario = a version of events

supplant = replace

concerns = worries

restore = put back

broaden = extend

vacated = recall

manipulate = handle

speculate = understand

exclusively = only

distinct = clear

mutual = shared

excessive = too much

widespread = common

withstand = resist

prominent = noticeable

vigorous = active

longevity = long life

decaying = rotting

inhospitable = hostile

discard = abandon

distinctive = easy to recognize

sufficient = adequate

impressive = striking

sought = look for

confirming = proving

be incorporated into = part of

in response to = as a result of

depositing = putting

sculpt = shape

drastic = very significant

discard = abandon

distinctive = easy to recognize

sufficient = adequate

ultimately = eventually

virtually = apparently

suspended = floated

replenished = restored

dramatic = striking

chaotic=disorganized

Coalesced=joined

Suddenly=abruptly

Refine=improve

Spare=thin

Guard=protect

Degree=level

Meager=partly

Incorporate=contain

Laboriously=making much effort

Resemble=similar

Vulnerable=threaten by

Core=center

Abrupt=sudden

Dense=closely placed

Presumed=assumed

Appeal=attraction

Inadvertently=unintentionally

Entailed=necessary

Emergence=appearance

Excessive=too much

Presumably=reasonable assumption

Vicinity=area

In junction with=stick to

Essential= crucial

Disrupted=interfered with

Proportion=size

Profound=far reaching

Key=critical

Vital =essential

Stress=emphasis

Intact=keep original condition

Explicit=clear

Conclusive=definitive

Hazard=danger

Refine=improve

Subsequent=later

Tragedy=disaster

A case in point = a good example

Anticipate = expect, predict

Allied = related

Be adaptable to = could be used

Appeal= attraction

assess=evaluate

barring=excluding

cite=mention

comparable=similar

compilation=collection

decisive=determining

disperse=spread

disrupt=destroy

distinct=clear

exclusively=only

foundation=basis

hasten=hurry

incentive=motivation

isolated=separated

lethal=deadly

motivation=reason

mundane=ordinary

mutual=shared

obligation=burden

peak=high point

prolong=extend

pursue=engage in

readily=quickly

regardless of =no matter

remnant=remainder

remote=isolated

rival=competitor

rudimentary=primitive

segment=part

simultaneous=at the same time

stamina=endurance

strictly=exclusively

the course of change=the way the changed developed

unfavorable=negative

vicinity=area

instantaneous=immediate

Suspected=thought it likely

Function=purpose

Progressively=increasingly

Subsequent=later

Vigorously=energetically

Founding=establishment

Essential=necessary for

Mature=fully developed

Dwelling=homes

Undoubtedly=certainly

Accomplished=achieved

Intermediate=in-between

Reinforce=strengthen

Most compelling=strongest

Viable=able to survive

Adjoining=nearby

Terminate=stop

Much deterioration=much worsening

Thoroughly=carefully

End=location

Constrain=force

contemporary

Extract=select

Fine-tuning=thoroughly control

Severity=harshness

Congregate=together

Remnants=remains

Comprise=consisting of

Consequently=as a result

Remarkably=distinctly

Implication=consequent

Perpetually=constantly

Suitable=adequately

Remnant=remain

Confined to=limited to

Allow for=make possible

Flexibility=adaptability

A cluster of =collection

System=group

Subsequent=following

Dense=thick

Inevitable=unavoidable

Components=combinations

Obstruction=barrier

Alter=modify

Dramatically=surprisingly

Establishment=creation

Variable=ability to change

Hasten=to speed up

Abundant=large amount

Disguise=hidden

confine=limit

Considerably=significantly

supplement=additional

Components=part

Remarkable=impressive

Confined to=limited to

Relentless=unceasing

Improbable=unlikely

Definitive=final

Notion=idea

Harbor=contain

Characterize=are typical of

Simultaneous=as the same time as

Execute=carry out

Privileged=advantaged

Congestion=overcrowding

Advantageous=favorable

Retained=kept

Respectively=particularly

Sufficient=enough

Proximity=in short distances

Thus=in this way

Impulse=push on

Deliberate=on purpose

Sought to increase=chose to increase

Decisive=determining

Characterized=distinguished

Lucrative=profitable

reverted

Readily=immediately

Exploit=utilize

Cycle=repetition

Diffuse=spread

Constant=endured

Extend=gradually

Potentially=possibly

Harsh=severe

Validity=availability

Perspective=viewpoint

Wipe out=kill off

Pave the way for=make it available

Abruptly=suddenly

Disruptively=disorderly

Intensively=strengthen

Retains=keeps inside

Sheltering=protecting

massively

Advocated=promote

Cited=mentioned

Substantial=significant

In essence= basically

Scale =size

Remnants=remainders

Maneuverable=easily controlled

Feasible=practical

Noticeable=remarkable

laboriously

distinct

collectively

Coat in

revive

agitated

Essential to=necessary to

Tremendous=huge

Scarcity=insufficient

initiate

Hierarchy=ranking orderly

rudimentary

Install=put in place

Akin to=similar with

Sparse=thinly distributed

Adverse=negative

Depletion=reduction

Inevitably=unavoidably

Idle=unused

Faithfully=accurately

Admiration for=high opinion of

Perceived =seen

Diverse=varied

Compensated=make up for

Refuge=protected

Further=additionally

Fluctuation=variation

Inhibit=slow down

Impeded=restriction

Distortions=irregularities

Peculiar=unusual

Classic=typical

Remnant=remains

Vigorous=lively

Ringed=surrounded

Constituent=component

Gradual=slow

Predominate=are in the majority

Diffuse=spread

Alleged=supposed

Controversial=debatable

Inconclusive=not decisive

Mounting=increasing

Depositing=putting

Constrains to=restriction on

Mechanism=method

Feat=accomplishment

Durable=long-lasting

Posed=presented

Hasted=hurried

Courteous=polite

Remarkably=extraordinary

Progression=order

Associate=connect

Absolute=total

Subjected to =exposed to

Recurring=repeated

Decisive=significant

Indistinguishable from =identical to

Virtually =almost completely

Startled =surprised

Disrupt=disturb

Rudimentary=simple

Enhance=improved

Peculiar to= unique to

Exert=put forth

uninterrupted =continuous

frigid =extremely cold

construed = interrupted

exclusively =only

relatively = fairly

imparting = giving

precise =accurate

painstaking =taking great effort in

imitator =people who copies him

constituents = components

excavated = dug from the ground

characteristic = typical

alteration = modification

formerly = previously

desirable = wanted

relatively = comparatively

accentuated = intensified

calculated = estimated

investigated = studied

prospective = potential

adjacent = next to each other

traces = small amounts

enveloped = covered

readily = easily

on the other hand = in addition

Customarily=commonly

Delicate=fragile

Apparent=obvious

Occasionally=between whiles

Optimal=first rank

Attest=demonstrate

In essence=substantially

Rigid=accurate

Reluctant=unwilling

Segregate=split

Drastically=thoroughly

Mundane=common

Induce=encourage

Relatively=comparatively

Simultaneously=happening at the same time

Testify to=indicate

Eliminate=destroy

Potent=powerful

Empty=vacate

Sparsely

orients

interim

traumatic

emergency

distinctive

plentiful

routinely

elaborately=with great details

Abandoned =no longer occupied

entirely=completely

designation=identification

features = aspects

intermittently=periodically

lateral=side

unrivaled = unequaled

hitherto=so far

mounted=grew

mere = only

incentive=motivation

collated=assembled

verging = bordering

unique=one-of-a kind

incredibly=amazingly

abrupt = sudden

little short of miraculous=amazing because almost impossible

accounts for=explains

derived = obtained

core = center

Apparently= definitely

autonomy=self-rule

presumed = supposed

Incidence=frequency

pervasive=widespread

scattered=wildly separated

Copious = abundant

exceedingly=extremely

speculates=puts forward as a possibility

disastrous = some bad consequence could happen

compressing=squeezing together

tremendous=enormous

Interpret=understand

complicated=difficult to understand

slightly=by very small amounts

Inspire=Encourage

contract=become smaller

skepticism=doubt

Strive=make effort

accommodated=allowed

irritating=annoying

Molten=liquid form by heating

detected=noticed

renewed=restored

reflected=shown

debate=argue about

Take for granted=desire

flourishes=does very well

devastated=severely damaged

inherently=naturally

prolonged=extended

boosting=increasing

monumental=enormous

manipulated=skillfully used

pursue=practice

subsistence=survival

intermediate=between stages

nevertheless=however

initiate=start

elevated=high

formulated = created

ongoing = continuing

inevitable = unavoidable

hindered = slowed the progress of

most attainable = easiest to reach

envious of = wishing they had it

profound = intense

bustling = lively

modest = moderate

indefinitely = without limit

compounded = added to

burdensome = difficult

exploit = take advantage of

optimal = most favorable

excrete = release

stationary = fixed

depleted = used up

hence = therefore

ultimately = finally

constraint = limitation

justify = provide a rational basis for

promoted = encouraged

simultaneous = at the same time

hierarchical = having several levels of authority

extracts = removes

pioneering = original

margins = end

Exhausted=tired up

Further=in addition

Consumed=used up

Aggregation = Accumulation

Magnitude=size

tangible=physical

sequence=series

converted=changed

approximating=estimating

subsequently=later

swift=fast

modest=relatively small

spectacular=magnificent

enduring=surviving

retarding=slowing

Indeed=in fact

remarkable=marvelous

Evolved=developed

Retain=keep

vigorous = active

Promoted=encourage

Ensure = guaranteed

Prolonged=extended

Wholesale=completed

Skeptical=doubtful

Sought=looked for

Sufficiently= adequately

compensate=make up for

superlative

put forth

proximity = closeness

accessible=available

depletion

intense = strong

exclude from

exclusive=sole

pierced = broke through

refuge

prevailing=dominant

rudimentary = primitive

prompt

subsequently=one after anther

motives = reasons

anticipate = predict

ties =connections

Verifying=confirming

foundation = basis

On balance=overall

Ascend=go up

exceed = be more than

Ornamented=decorated

Converge on=meet at

supplement = add to

Stamina=endurance

Vanishes =disappears

composes = makes up

Lucrative=profitable

Informal=unofficial

frigid =cold

hierarchy = system of ranking

Sporadic=occasional

detected =discovered

Was repulsed=was driven back

Meager=very low

extensive =large

Gradual=slow

Prosperous=wealthy

accounts for =explains

Predominate= are in the majority

Permanent=lasting

Vulnerable=unprotected from

Diffuse=spread

Resembles=looks like

Continuous=nonstop

Perceive=seen

Preserve=maintain

Perished=died

Scatter=spread apart

Conceivable=possible

Constituent=component

Presumably=probably

potential = possible

harsh = severe

appreciably = significantly

appealing = attractive

rugged = rough

apart from = besides

sheltered = protected

generation = production

acceleration = speeding up

predominantly =mostly

particularly = especially

spurt = sudden increase

era = period

characteristic = identifying

plausible = reasonable

temporarily = briefly

courteous = polite

embraced = adopted